tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56837789484508390002024-03-13T16:21:09.866-07:00Teach & LearnAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16970701975241408816noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5683778948450839000.post-2785397581687797872012-10-29T09:19:00.000-07:002012-10-29T09:19:45.249-07:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">GENRE-BASED INSTRUCTION (GBI):</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
Concept and Its Application to Foreign Language Classroom</span></b></div>
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Oleh:Rita Erlinda*</div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Abstract</span></i></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Since
the implemetation of KBK and KTSP, the goals of teaching English at schools are
emphasized on the mastery of four language competences-linguistic, strategic,
sociolinguistic and actional-which will lead to the mastery of discourse
competence. Those competences are realized in for language skills (listening,
speaking, reading and writing) through the analysis of texts (genres). Therefore,
one of the approaches to facilitate the accomplishment of the goals is
Genre-based Instruction (GBI). This approach is mainly a language teaching
program which is based upon Genre Analysis Technique. This technique deals with
anaysing text, both spoken and written, in order to figure out social or
commnicative functions, genre structures, lexico-grammatical features of
particular genres. Consequently, the learners are able to use the language for
appropriate situational and cultural contexts. </span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Key
Words:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> genre, genre
analysis, genre-based instruction (GBI), foreign language classroom, functional
grammar</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
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<b>INTRODUCTION</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 54.5pt; mso-text-raise: -5.0pt;">C</span></div>
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ompetency-based curriculum, known as Kurikulum
Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK), and content-based curriculum, called as Kurikulum
Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), focus on students’ gaining in certain
competencies, (Mulyasa, 2003: 39). Dealing with this issue, foreign language curriculum
should consider students’ ability to use language properly in a communicative
event both situational and cultural contexts since it is influenced by many
factors such as topic to be communicated, the discourse participants, and
register used in both contexts. Moreover, the curriculum should emphasize to enable
the students to gain for four language compe-tences— linguistic competence,
socio-linguistic competence, actional compe-tence, and strategic competence.
These four competences then are poured in discourse competence. Pusat Kuri-kulum,
Balitbang Depdiknas, (2003) claims that discourse competence can be defined as learner’s
competence to use language properly in a communi-cative event both in spoken
and written forms.</div>
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In order to develop the
discourse competence as the target of foreign language learning, teachers
should have clear guidance of how to conduct their teaching in the classroom. To
do this well, foreign language learning should use analysis of genres or kinds
of text as basis of foreign language learning. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
There are various genres that
can be used to achieve standard of competency for English at senior high school
level, such as descriptive, nar-rative, spoof/recount, procedure, report, news
item, anecdotes, exposition, ex-planation, discussion, commentary, and review. Analyzing
these various genres can enable the students to understand and express interpersonal,
ideational, and textual meaning in both interaction and monologue, Pusat
Kurikulum, Balitbang Depdiknas (2003). The results from analyzing a genre serve
as the instructional materials in GBI.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Genre-based Instruction (GBI) is based on the result
of genre analysis. There are three characteristics of Genre-based Instruction
(GBI)—social, ge-neric structure, and lexico-grammatical fea-tures. First,
examine the structural pat-tern of a certain text or genre to achieve the
communicative purpose and the roles of the writer and the audience of the
target text or genre, and the context in which the genre is used (social
function). Second, examine the particular linguistic features in a specific text
or genre (generic struc-ture). Third, examine lexico-gram-matical features of a
spe-cific genre to identify the linguistic features chosen in a specific genre
(lexico-grammatical features). Other considerations in genre analysis include
the communicative purpose of the target genre.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
In applying GBI, grammar is not taught in isolation
from the commu-nicative functions of the language. It is taught by analyzing
the lexico-grammatical features of the target genre. It is neither taught as an
end in itself, nor as the central focus of instruction, but as a means to an
end-- achieving the social purposes of the genre that is the overarching focus
of teaching. The genre-based material views grammatical form as intrinsically
linked to commu-nicative function, and seeks to help students understand the
links between particular aspects of English grammar and their functions. This
differs from traditional forms of grammar instructi-on. In conclusion, GBI
offers grammar instruction as an integral part of the teaching of foreign
language through analysis of genres. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Consequently, t<span style="color: #292526; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">his article aims to</span> answer
the following questions: </div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>What is Genre?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>What is Genre Analysis?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>What is the relevance of genre in foreign language
teaching?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>What is Genre-based Instruction?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>What is the position of Grammar in GBI?</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>How GBI can be applied in foreign language classroom?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>WHAT IS GENRE? </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The word <i>genre</i>
comes from the French (and originally Latin) word for 'kind' or 'class'. The
term is widely used in rhetoric, literary theory, media theory, and more
recently linguistics, to refer to a distinctive <i>type</i> of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">text,</i> (Chandler in Bradford-Watts, 2001). According
to Swales (1990), a genre comprises a class of communicative events, the
members of which share some set of commu-nicative purposes.<span style="color: black;"> His definition offers the basic idea that there are
certain conventions or rules which are generally associated with a writer’s
purposes. For example, personal letters tell us about (their writers’) private
stories, film reviews analyze movies for potential viewers, and police reports
describe what happened. Most genres use conven-tions related to communicative
pur-poses, for example, argumentative essay em-phasizes its thesis. It aims at
making an argument.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Related to the definition of genre, Bradford-Watts (2001)
describes the following illustration: “everyone en-gages in a social or
communicative event. If, for example, you go shopping for shoes, you will
expect the interaction to be fairly consistent with your past experiences of
shopping for shoes. You will expect some kind of acknow-ledgement or greeting,
to have your questions answered about availability of your size and preferred
color, to be told the price, and finally to be thanked for your business. Not
all of these may occur (you may find the perfect size and color immediately and
not need to ask any questions), and they may not occur in this order. If,
however, you go shopp-ing for a car, you would expect this service encounter to
be somewhat more complex, involving explanations of fea-tures and add-ons, as
well as financing options.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">In the shoe-shopping example above, your expectations are
determined by your wanting to procure shoes (pur-pose) in the year 2000 AD
(rather than in the years 1500 BC, 1945 AD, or 3000 AD), in Thailand (rather
than Bali, Hong Kong, or Tehran), in a shop with a shop assistant (rather than
a supermarket with a checkout, for example). If you change any of these
conditions, the interaction between you and the person from whom you wish to
procure the shoes would change--the text produced would be different. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">This is similar for written texts: love letters to your
life partner, adver-tisements for local plumbers, posted lists of rules for the
use of the gym, essays, newspaper editorials, obituaries, and doctoral theses.
Each of these examples is written at a time, in a place, for a purpose, by one
or more writers for a defined reader. </span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The
above illustration is supported by Gerot and Wignell (1995). They state,“a
genre can be defined a culturally specific text type which result from using
language (written or spoken) to (help) accomplish something.” To understand
this definition deeply, they give an example of what is called as a genre.
Think, for example, of a typical doctor-patient consultation. This consul-tation
has a purpose. It takes place through a series of stages, and uses language in
particular ways. So, there is usually some sort of greeting; an invita-tion
from the doctor for the patient to describe symptoms; an examination, during
which doctor tells the patient what to do and maybe why. Then the doctor tells
the patient what the problem is, if known, and how it will be treated. If not
known, the doctor explains that a referral is necessary. The consultation
closes with some kind of leave-taking. This is how it is done in an
English-speaking culture. So, genres are culture specific; and have associated
with them. They are (1) particular purpose, (2) particular stages, and (3)
particular linguistic features.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">From
the description above, it can be concluded that genre refers to the distinctive
type of text both in verbal (spoken) and written form. It is a communicative
event that occurs at a particular time in a particular place and between
particular people for a particular communicative purpose. Therefore, each genre
uses particular stages (structural features) and linguistic features
(lexico-gramatical features). </span></div>
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<b>WHAT IS GENRE ANALYSIS? </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Genre analysis
is a developing multi-disciplinary approach to the study of texts, both verbal
and written forms. Genre analysis is a tool to examine the communicative
purpose (social func-tion), linguistic features, and lexico-grammatical
features of a target genre. In short, genre analysts look for the com-mon
patterns of grammar usage, key vo-cabulary, and text structure in particular
text types, Bradford-Watt (2001). </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">There are many examples of genre analysis. Bhatia (1993)
analyses a wide range of written texts, including sales promotion letters, job
applications, research article abstracts, introductory in student academic
writings, legislative provisions, and legal cases. McCarthy (2000) describes
close-contact verbal encounters at a hairdresser's. Kuiper and Flindall (2000)
discuss the role of small talk and where it is situated in the service
encounter genre at the super-market in New Zealand. Several recent studies
are concerned, for example, with the developing genres of the Internet.
Giordano in Bardford-Watts (2001) discusses genres developing in chat rooms and
discussion groups. Bradford-Watts (2001) analyses online movie reviews and
email confirmations of online orders. Both document the deve-lopment of new
genres. It is important to note that genres are not fixed. They change over
time, reflecting changes in society.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>WHAT IS THE RELEVANCE OF
GENRE TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Paltridge
(2001) states, "The notion of genre …provides a basis for extending
current syllabus models, as well as for selecting and sequencing syllabus items
and, in turn, focusing on them in the language learning class-room", since
it incorporates vocabulary and grammatical structures that are typically associated
with functional-notional approaches to syllabus design; a focus on situation,
social activities, and topic that derives from situational and content-based
syllabuses; and a focus on specific language learning tasks and activities that
draws from task-based and procedural approaches to language teaching and
learning. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">In other words, using genre as a starting point in
curriculum design by listing genres necessary for student understanding within
a context--typical in content-based curricula--allows the teacher to (a)
collect real samples of appropriate texts, (b) design activities to foster
understanding of the genre, (c) draw attention to key vocabulary and
grammatical structures associated with that genre, and (d) demonstrate to the
students how these interact with the who, what, where, when, how, and why of
the text in terms of situation and context, allowing the relationship between
culture and language to be directly addressed. Tasks give students the
opportunity to experiment with the gen-re, manipulating their texts to accom-modate
changes which can be expected to occur with variation of contextual factors.
Tasks also give teachers an opportunity to monitor students and take advantage
of teachable moments that arise to increase student awareness of sociocultural
factors which affect choice of form within the context. A genre-based course
is, essentially, an outcome-based course, with the aim being explicit student
awareness of and proficiency in the target genres. It allows teachers to focus
on both form and meaning, as well as how meanings are made. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">An important reason to consider genre-based instruction is
that of em-powerment: If students are able to understand, access and manipulate
gen-res, they acquire "cultural capital" (Hammond & Mackin-Horarick,
1999, in Paltridge, 2001). Not teaching this explicitly denies students the
means to participate in and challenge the cultures of power they will encounter
when interacting with members of the target culture.<b> </b></span></div>
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<b>WHAT IS GENRE-BASED IN-STRUCTION
(GBI)?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Basically, Genre-based Instruct-ion
(GBI) is teaching language based on results of genre analysis. As stated above,
genre analysis is the study of how language is used within a particular setting
and is concerned with the form of language use in relation to meaning, Swales
(1990).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bhatia (1993) states that genre
analysis is a tool (1) to examine the structural organisation of texts by
identifying the moves and strategies, and to understand how these moves are
organised in order to achieve the com-municative purpose of the text. Genre
analysis also (2) examines the text patterning or textualisation in genres to
show statistical evidence of a particular linguistic feature in a specific
genre and the specific features of the genre that the evidence textualises.
Finally genre analysis (3) examines the lexico-grammatical features of genres
to iden-tify the linguistic features chosen by expert users of the genre to
realize the communicative purpose, and to explain these choices in terms of
social and psychological contexts. Other considera-tions in genre analysis
include the communicative purpose of the target genre, the roles of the writer
and the audience, and the context in which the genre is used. The results from
analyzing a genre serve as the instructional mate-rials in GBI. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>WHERE IS THE POSITION OF
GRAMMAR IN GBI?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Gerot and
Wignell (1995) claim that the notion ‘genre’ and ‘grammar’ are closely linked.
Consequently, gram-mar instruction is an integral part of the teaching of the
genre. The grammar instruction not only is explicit, but also involves some
degree of student analysis. Grammar is not taught in iso-lation from the
communicative functions of the language. It is also neither taught as an end in
itself, nor as the central focus of instruction, but as a means to an end--
achieving the social purposes of the genre that is the overarching focus of
teaching. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The
genre-based material views grammatical form as intrinsically linked to
communicative function, and seeks to help students understand the links between
particular aspects of English grammar and their functions. Moreover, the focus of
grammar does not remain focused at sentence level, but moves beyond to how
sentence-level patterns fit into natural whole texts in commu-nication. In all
these senses, the teaching of grammar is 'functional'.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The
approach to grammar as ‘functional’ is influenced by the sys-temic functional
linguistics of Michael Halliday (1985). Her theory sees language as a system of
resources for making meaning in context. Thus, the grammar of a language, or
what systemic functional linguists call the 'lexico-grammar', is seen not
merely as a set of rules or patterns of syntax, but a set of agreed-on
conventions intimately related to possible meanings, deter-mined by <i>contexts
of situation</i> embedded in <i>contexts of culture</i> in which language is
used. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
In
the materials of genres in GBI, lexico-grammatical features are pro-vided.
Lexico-gramatical features of various genres are integral to those genres, for
it is through the lexico-grammatical choices that meaning is built up in a
text. Different genres deploy the resources for meaning-making through grammar
in different ways. For example, Recounts, which retell an event, tend to use
past tense, Material Processes, and particular parti-cipants. On the other
hands, the purpose of Report is to describe the way things are in the world,
and so they tend to use Relational Processes and generic parti-cipants.
Students are taught these features and a language for talking about language (a
metalanguage) in the context of learning how these features contribute to the
overall meaning of texts they are reading or writing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>HOW CAN GBI BE APPLIED IN
THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Swales (1990) notes that there
is a curriculum cycle in Genre-based Instruction (GBI). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It consists of four stages. They are (1)
content exploration, (2) text exploration, (3) joint cons-truction, and (4) individual
application, as follows:</div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><img height="219" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSONY%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.jpg" width="241" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
Figure 1: The Curriculum Cycle in GBI</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The first stage is <b><i>Context
Exploration</i></b>. 'Context' refers to the possible contexts of situation in
which the chosen text-type or genre may be used. This phase resembles the
pre-listening/reading/speaking/writing phase that has come to be typical in
commu-nicative language teaching, and the activities that may be carried out do
indeed resemble typical pre-activities in skills-based teaching. One primary
aim of this phase is to help students to become aware of and understand the
social purpose of the chosen genre, as well as other contextual factors
influenc-ing the production of the texts that they will examine as models, and
the texts that they may be required to produce in speech or writing. Another
important aim of the context exploration phase, from the teacher's point of
view, is to establish the learners' 'actual develop-ment' or starting point.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The
next stage is <b><i>text exploration</i>.</b> The aims of this phase are to
familiarize the learners with the target text-type or genre, and to draw
attention to organi-zational and linguistic features common-ly found in texts
belonging to it. <i>Model texts</i> play a crucial role in this phase. Model text
is called object-regulation. Analyzing such model texts, pedagogical activities
to make explicit the features of the text-type are carried out. These may
include a gamut of established 'commu-nicative' activities, such as the
re-assem-bling of 'jigsaw' texts or information gap exercises, but the tasks
are deliberately constructed in such a way as to highlight the salient lexical
and grammatical features. Thus, the tasks aim to be at least implicitly
'analytical' in nature, and not just to facilitate interaction as an end in
itself. Of course, more explicitly analytical work is also possible: for
example, students may be asked to 'hunt' for and highlight all instances of a
specific grammatical form. Direct teach-ing by the instructor is also an
option, in order to make the features obvious to the learners. How the formal
features work to help the text-type or genre achieve its purposes are also
discussed or explored, the teacher playing a key role in <i>others-regulation</i>
throughout this phase. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Others-regulation
continues and takes centre-stage in the next stage, <b><i>joint construction</i></b>,
as the third phase. Here, referring to the model text or texts, and making use
of the knowledge and awareness gained from the exploration of the text, the
students work with the teacher to construct their own texts (spoken or written)
in the text-type or genre (or, in the case of listening and reading, to
construct an <i>understanding</i> of the new text). This can take forms varying
from teacher-fronted whole-class co-construction of a single text on the board,
to small-group or pair construction with the teacher helping each group or pair
by turn, to teacher conferencing with individual students. In the case of
writing, as with process approaches, the texts may go through a few rounds of drafting,
editing, and re-drafting. The model texts continue to provide
object-regulation, while others-regulation comes from not only the teacher but
also from other students, as more expert peers guide others, or as students
refer each other to features in the models, and to points raised in the text
exploration stage. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
What
is to be noted in both the text exploration and joint construction phases is
that while there is much oral interaction taking place, its nature and
intention is different from that of most forms of communicative language teach-ing.
Where the interactive activities in the latter are often designed to simulate
real life interaction, directed at providing opportunities for talking <i>in</i>
the language, the talk here is <i>about</i> using language, and is focused on a
collaborative effort to learn to accomplish a purpose in the language. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
The
last stage in the Cycle is <b><i>individual application</i></b>. As the name
suggests, it requires learners to work individually and independently, for
example, in the case of writing, to produce individual essays. Ideally, this is
carried out only after the students have successfully produced a jointly con-structed
text or understanding of a text. This phase then provides the opportunity for <i>self-regulation</i>.
What each learner produces can, of course, be further re-cycled through further
others-regulation (e.g. peer editing, teacher feedback), until the learner
attains a desired level of attainment. </div>
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In the following, there is a
small example how to apply GBI in the class-room. Report text entitled “Wombat”
is as material for teaching writing skill. </div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="http://www.photoseek.com/04AUS-30201-Wombat.jpg"><img align="left" border="0" height="92" hspace="12" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSONY%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image004.jpg" title="" width="70" /></a><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">WOMBAT</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Wombats are mammals. There are two kinds of wombat. There
is the common wombat and the hairy nosed wombat.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Wombats are brown. They are covered in fur to keep them
warm. Wombats have small legs and big bodies. Wombats can grow up to 4 feet
long. They can weigh up to 15 kilos and 37.5 kilos</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The common wombat lives in coastal forest. Wombats live in
grassy areas so they can feed on grass. Wombats live in holes called burrows.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Wombats tend to sleep all day and be active during the
night. Wombat feed on grass, small bushes and root.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Recall that
genres are staged, goal-directed, and purposeful. Thus for any given text, we
can ask: (1) what is its so-cial purpose or function or goal? (2) through what
stages does it achieve that goal (generic structure)?, and (3) what
lexico-grammatical and discourse choices are involved in the above? The three
important aspects or characteristics of Report text (genre) can be concluded in
the following table:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 266px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.8pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: 1.0pt; border-color: #8383AD; border-left: 1.5pt; border-right: 1.0pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.5pt; height: 12.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .75pt; mso-border-color-alt: #8383AD; mso-border-left-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 55.5pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Social
Function</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-top: solid #8383AD 1.5pt; border: solid #8383AD 1.0pt; height: 12.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid #8383AD .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #8383AD 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Generic
Structure</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6E6; border-bottom: 1.0pt; border-color: #8383AD; border-left: 1.0pt; border-right: 1.5pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.5pt; height: 12.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .75pt; mso-border-color-alt: #8383AD; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Lexico-grammatical
Features</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt; border-color: #8383AD; border-left: 1.5pt; border-right: 1.0pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.0pt; height: 78.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: #8383AD; mso-border-left-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: .75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 55.5pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">To describe the way things
are, with reference to a range of natural, man made and social phenomena in
our environment</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #8383AD 1.5pt; border: solid #8383AD 1.0pt; height: 78.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid #8383AD .75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #8383AD 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 12.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.95pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">General
Classification</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 12.45pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Description</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 12.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- parts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 12.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- qualities</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 12.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- habit </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 12.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or
behavior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt; border-color: #8383AD; border-left: 1.0pt; border-right: 1.5pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.0pt; height: 78.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: #8383AD; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: .75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Focus on generic participants</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Use of Relational Processes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Use of Simple Present Tense</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">No Temporal sequence</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
Table 1: Characteristics of
Report Text (Genre)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Now, let’s apply GBI in the foreign language
classroom according to the above cycles:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>The first stage; Context
Exploration</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
On this stage, the teacher
tries to explore possible contexts (situational and cultural) related to the
text “wombat”. This stage resembles pre-teaching activities. The aim of this
stage is to help the students become aware of and understand the social purpose
of Report genre. As stated above, the social function of text “Wombat” is to
describe the way wombat are, with reference to its appearance, habit and
behavior. In this case, the teachers follow the following steps, namely:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teacher shows the picture of wombat to the
students. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teacher inform students the social purpose of
Report text</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teacher asks some questions to students related the
characteristics of wombat </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teacher develop students vocabulary related to
“wombat life”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>The second stage; Text
Exploration</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
On this stage, the teacher
tries to familiarize the learners with the Report text, as target text-type or
genre. The teacher can use the following the steps, namely:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers draw learners’ attention to generic
structure commonly found in Report text. As stated above, report genre consists
of general classifica-tion-- tells what phenomena under discussion is and
description--.tells what the phenomena under discussion is like in terms of
parts (and their function), qualities, and habits of behaviors if living; uses,
if non-natural. In familiarize students with its generic structure, the teacher
divide the report text, “Wombat” into several parts based on its generic
structure. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>The
first paragraph is the general classification of wombat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>The
second paragraph is the description of wombat appear-ance</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>The
third paragraph is the description of wombat habitat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>The
fourth paragraph is the description of wombat behaviors</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers divide the students into four Jigsaw
groups. Each group will discuss different paragraph to obtain its generic
structure. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers draw learners’ attention to linguistic
features (lexico-gramma-tical features) commonly found in Report text by
underlining or highlighting them to make the features are more obvious to the
learners. For example, Relational processes are </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>The third stage: Joint
Construction</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>This
stage aims at exploring Report text as model text to the students. In this
case, the teachers guide the students to understand the text and see the
features of Report text are more obvious. To do this well, the teachers can use
the following ways:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers ask each group to present the generic
structure of each paragraph: the description of wombat appearance, habit, and
behavior <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The class discusses the generic structures of the whole
text, “Wombat” until the students get the regulation from “Wombat” as model
text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers conclude the generic structure of “Wombat”
as model of report text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>The fourth stage: Individual Explo-ration</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b>This
stage requires learners to work individually and independently. The learners
write another report text by applying its generic structure and considering
linguistic features of report text. The learners can be successful to write new
text after they have been successfully produced a jointly con-structed text or
understanding the text. To do this well, the teacher can follow the steps
below:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The teachers ask the students to choose an object to be
described and reported.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The students identify the charac-teristics of the
chosen object.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>The students individually write a new report text by
applying the regulation studied from the model text given.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>CONCLUSIONS</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Genre-based
Instruction (GBI) is teaching language based on results of genre analysis both
in spoken and written form. Specifically, genre analysis is a tool to examine
(1) the structural organization of text by identifying the moves and
strategies, and to understand how these moves are organized in order to achieve
the communicative purpose of the text; (2) the text patterning or
textualization in genre to show a parti-cular linguistic feature; (3) the
lexico-grammatical features<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to identify
the linguistic features chosen by expert users of the genre to realise the
commu-nicative purpose, and to explain these choices in terms of social and
psycho-logical contexts; and (4) the commu-nicative purpose of the target
genre, the roles of the writer and the audience, and the context in which the
genre is used.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
There are four steps in
applying GBI based on written text analysis in foreign language classroom. They
are (1) context exploration; (2) text explora-tion; (3) joint construction and
(4) indi-vidual<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>application.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="WordSection3">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b>BIBLIOGRAPHY</b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="WordSection4">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
Bhatia, V. 1993.
<i><span style="color: black;">Analysing genre: Language use in professional
settings</span></i>. New York:
Longman.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Bradford-Watts, K. 2001. Six texts, two genres: An
analysis. <i>Bulletin of Research Institute for Foreign Education</i>, No.10,
Kyoto Tachibana
Women's University. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Crane, C., Galvanek J., Liamkina O.,
& Ryshina-Pankova, M. 2002, March. </span><i><span style="color: black;">Genre:
Where art thou? Tracing the role of genre in the foreign language curriculum</span></i><span style="color: black;">. Retrieved from <a href="http://uccllt.ucdavis.edu/hli/papers/Crane,etal.Irvine2002Paper.htm">uccllt.ucdavis.edu/hli/papers/Crane,etal.Irvine2002Paper.htm</a>.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Gerot, Linda and Wignell, Peter. 1995. <i>Making Sense of
Functional Grammar</i>. Sydney:
Tanya Stabler</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. <i>An Introduction to Functional
Grammar</i>. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Great
Britain: Edward Arnold.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2003. <i>Standar
Kompetensi Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA dan MA</i>. Jakarta:
Balitbang Depdiknas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Kuiper, K., & Flindall, M. 2000. Social rituals,
formulaic speech and small talk at the supermarket checkout. In J. Coupland
(Ed.), <i>Small talk</i>. Singapore:
Pearson.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">McCarthy, M. 2000. Mutually captive audiences: Small talk
and the genre of close-contact service encounters. In J. Coupland (Ed.), <i>Small
talk</i>. Singapore:
Pearson.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Mulyasa, E. 2003. </span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi: Konsep, Karakteristik, dan
Implementasi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">Paltridge, B. 2001. <i>Genre and the language learning
classroom</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
Press.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black;">S</span>wales, J. M. 1990. <i><span style="color: black;">Genre
analysis: English in academic and research settings</span></i>. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16970701975241408816noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5683778948450839000.post-78002739219962183782012-10-19T02:20:00.001-07:002012-10-19T02:20:39.213-07:00Time Table Linguistics ELT II<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">TIME TABLE OF </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">LINGUISTICS
FOR ELT II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ODD
SEMESTER IN </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">20</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">12</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">-201</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3 ACADEMIC YEAR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lecturer:
Dr. Rita Erlinda, M.Pd. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: 5.35pt; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 631px;">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">MEETING</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">DATE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" width="296">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">TOPICS/SUB-TOPICS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">SOURCES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">September </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">th</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 20</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 13.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -13.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Learning
Contract</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -13.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Course
Orientation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 13.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lecturer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">September </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">11</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">th</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 20</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dimension
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">o</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">f</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> <span lang="EN-US">Meanings</span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Reference
and Denotation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Connotation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Sense
Relation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical
and Grammatical meanings</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Morphemes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Homonymy
and Polysemy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical
Ambiguity</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Sentence
and Meaning</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Utterance
meaning</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 13.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1: 15, 21-26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2: 42-45;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">3:
</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">42-59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 84.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">III</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">-IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">September </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">18</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">th</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 20</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">12</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> September </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">25</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">th</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 2</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical Relation: Paradigmatic
Relation (Inclusion)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12.6pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Hyponymy and Taxonymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12.6pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Meronymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Defining
Meronymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Characteristics
of Meronymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Close
relatives of the part-whole relation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1:150-160<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2: 85-87;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>96-97<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">3: 92-99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">4: 88-92,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>136-155;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -7.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>157-177<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">October </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<sup>nd</sup></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">20</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">12</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical Relation: Paradigmatic
Relation (Inclusion)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12.6pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Synonymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Propositional
synonym</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Cognitive
synonym</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Absolut
synonym</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Near
synonym</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Plesyonym</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1:156-160<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">3: 96-99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">4: 265-291<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">VI</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">October </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">9</span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">th</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">, 20</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical Relation: Paradigmatic
Relation (Exclusion)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Opposites</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Complementaries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Antonymy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Directional
Opposites<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Direction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Antipodal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Counterparts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Reversives
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Converses
(Relational Opposites)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Indirect
converses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Concruence
variance and pseudo-opposites<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Metonymy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1:</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">167</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">-</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">173;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>211-214<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2: 87-93<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">3:100-107<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">4: 197-242<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">October 16<sup>th</sup>, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">UTS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">MEETING</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">DATE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">TOPICS/SUB-TOPICS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">SOURCES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">VIII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">October 23<sup>th</sup>, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Introduction to Pragmatics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">What
is Pragmatics all about?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">A
brief history of pragmatics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Why
do we need pragmatics?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">What
use is pragmatics?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">A
waste-basket?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Context
and Co-text<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 1-8 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 3-6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">10: 3-15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">IX<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Deictic
vs., non-deictic expression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Gestural
vs., symbolic use of deictic expression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Person
Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Temporal
(time) Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Spatial
(Place) Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Social
Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Discourse
Deixis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1: 319-326<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 132-172<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">6: 22-28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">9: 19-27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">X<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">November 6<sup>th</sup>, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Presupposition <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">What
is presupposition?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Properties
of Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Types
of Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lexical
Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Structural
Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Existential
presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Factive
Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Non-factive
Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Counter-factual
Presupposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 64-78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 25-34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">XI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">November 13<sup>th</sup>,
2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Grice’s theory of conversational
maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Quantity
Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Quality
Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Relation
Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Manner
Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The
Relationship between the speaker and the maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Flouting
Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Hedging
maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 24-31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 36-39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">9:37-42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">XII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">November 20<sup>th</sup>,
2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Conversational
Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Properties
of Conversational Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Context
dependence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Defeasibility/cancellability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Non-detachability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Calculability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 24.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Generalized
Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -23.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Scalar
Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -23.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Particularized
Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Conventional
Implicatures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1: 349-355<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 23-58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 39-46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">10: 99-106<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">XIII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">November 27<sup>th</sup>,
2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.65pt;" valign="top" width="296">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Speech Acts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">What
is speech acts?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Locutionary,
perlocutionary and illocutionary acts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Conditions
for successful performance of speech acts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Preparatory
conditions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Sincerity
conditions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Essential
conditions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Content
condition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speech Acts Classifications<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Assertives/Representatives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Directives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Verdictive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Commissive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Expressive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Declaratives/Performative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 48.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Phatic
Utterance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 10.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -10.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Direct
and Indirect Speech Acts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1: 331-345<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">3: 175-196<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">5: 93-125<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 48-58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">10: 109-151<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.05pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">XIV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">December 4<sup>th</sup>, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Politeness Principles and Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Politeness
and interaction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 16.9pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; text-indent: -4.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">negative
and positive face<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 16.9pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; text-indent: -4.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">positive </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">and negative politeness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12.6pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 12.6pt; text-indent: -12.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The
Politeness </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Maxims</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">act maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 30.6pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Generosity Maxims<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Praise Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Modesty Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Agreement Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Sympathy Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">The Consideration Maxim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1: 361-367<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">8: 59-69<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">XV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.6pt;" valign="top" width="155">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 5.4pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">UAS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Sources</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Cruse, Alan. 2000. Meaning in Language: An Introduction to
Semantics and Pragmatics. Great Britain: Oxford University Press <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Lobner, Sebastian. 2002. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Understanding Semantics</span>. Great Britain: Oxford University Press<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Kreidler, Charles. W. 2001. Introducing English Semantics.
Great Britain: TJ. International, Padstow, Cornwall<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Cruse, D.A. 1986. Lexical Semantics. Great Britain:
Cambridge University Pres</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Huang, Yang.
2007. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Cummings,
Louis. 2005. Pragmatics: A Multiciplinary Perspective. Edinburg:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Edinburg University </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Press</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Cutting, Joan.
2002. Pragmatics and Discourse: A Resource Book for Students. London: Taylor
and Francis Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Yule, George. 1996. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Pragmatic</span>s. <st1:state w:st="on">New
York</st1:state>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Oxford</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Grundy, Peter. 1995. Doing Pragmatics. Great Britain:
Edward Arnold.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Mey, Jacob L. 1993. Pragmatics: An Introduction. USA:
Blackwell Publisher</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16970701975241408816noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5683778948450839000.post-8565077107685054992012-10-08T21:45:00.000-07:002012-10-08T21:45:17.270-07:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Belajar dari Ulat dan Kupu-kupu</span><br />
<h2>
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ulat dan kupu-kupu dalah dua hewan yang berbeda. Ulat lebih kelihatan menjijikkan,
mobilitas pergerakannya sangat lambat, juga diasosiasikan sebagai hama tanaman
karena menggerogoti daun. Sebaliknya, kupu-kupu melambangkan manfaat dan
keindahan, mempunyai pergerakan yang cepat, lincah, hinggap dari bunga ke
bunga, membantu proses penyerbukan.</span></span></h2>
<span lang="FI">Proses
transformasi ulat menjadi kupu-kupu, bukanlah proses yang mudah seperti
membalikkan tapak tangan. Prosesnya panjang dan melelahkan. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI"><br /></span>
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_s1031" style="height: 138pt; margin-left: 0; margin-top: -693pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 132.9pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span lang="FI">Ada
sebuah cerita yang menggambarkan seekor ulat yang mencoba mentransformasikan
dirinya menjadi kupu-kupu.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI">Pada suatu hari,
di sebuah pohon, hiduplah beberapa ekor ulat yang masih kecil. Ketika ulat-ulat
kecil itu sedang makan daun, datang seekor kupu-kupu bersayap indah hinggap di
pohon ini.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">“Engkau siapa?”
tanya seekor ulat.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI">“Aku ibu kalian”
jawab kupu-kupu.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">“Tidak mungkin!
Engkau memiliki sayap yang indah bisa terbang kemana-mana, sedangkan kami
tidak.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">“Aku juga dulu
seperti kalian, seekor ulat. Kalian juga bisa seperti aku, bisa terbang
kemana-mana, kalau kalian mau.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">“Maukah engkau
mengajarkannya, hingga kami bisa terbang dan memiliki sayap seindah yang kau
miliki?”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI">“Kalian serius
ingin tahu caranya?”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI">“Tentu!”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="FI">“Baiklah.
Pertama: kalian harus ‘puasa’ makan daun. </span><span lang="SV">Kedua: kalian harus mampu menahan
godaan yang datang selama ‘berpuasa’. Ketiga: setelah beberapa hari kalian akan
mengeluarkan air liur yang sangat banyak, maka lilitlah diri kalian dengan air
liur itu hingga akhirnya membentuk menjadi kepompong yang kuat, diamlah kalian
di dalamnya sampai kalian punya sayap, tumbuh kaki baru, dan mempunyai belalai
untuk menghisap madu. Tetapi ingat, kalian harus sekuat tenaga menahan segala
macam ujian, cobaan, tantangan yang menghampiri kalian. Apakah kalian sanggup?”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">Serentak
ulat-ulat kecil menjawab, “Ya, kami sanggup!”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">“Oya setelah
semua selesai barulah kalian bisa keluar dari kepompong. Sekarang ibu mau terbang
berkeliling mencari madu bunga dan menikmati pemandangan alam yang indah ini,”
kata kupu-kupu sambil beranjak pergi terbang.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 207.75pt; margin-left: 0; margin-top: 198.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 163.5pt; z-index: 2;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span lang="SV">Setelah
kupu-kupu terbang, terjadi perdebatan sesama ulat. Ada yang percaya cerita
kupu-kupu, ada yang tidak. Ada yang menolak berpuasa, “Masa’ hanya berpuasa
makan daun bisa terbang? Sudah harus puasa, harus diam pula dalam kepompong,
repot, susah, kelaparan, ngga mau ah.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">Ada juga
beberapa ekor ulat yang percaya pada cerita itu, mulai mengambil tindakan.
Mereka bergegas mengambil tempat yang cukup nyaman untuk berlindung, berpuasa,
dan membuat kepompong. Tapi di antara mereka pun ada yang mulai gusar dan
ragu-ragu, benar ga sih setelah ini bisa terbang. Beberapa juga ada yang masih
tetap yakin dan percaya.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 206.25pt; margin-left: 0; margin-top: 13.5pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 157.5pt; z-index: 4;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span lang="SV">Seiring
berjalannya waktu, ujian, cobaan, godaan, dan tantangan mulai menghampiri.
Lapaaaar… Haus. Lemah. Lesu. Ulat-ulat yang tidak puasa menggoda, “Makanya,
ngapain cape-cape puasa, mendingan kami, tidak kelaparan, kuat, semangat, kami
tak peduli mau jadi kupu-kupu atau tidak, yang penting kami bisa menikmati
daun-daun yang enak ini.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">Sebagian ulat,
tergiur godaan, akhirnya membatalkan ‘puasa’nya, dan melahap daun juga.
Sebagian kecil masih tetap bertahan, bersabar, dan terus meyakinkan diri
sendiri, “Sebentar lagi aku berubah menjadi kepompong, sebentar lagi aku punya
sayap indah, sebentar lagi aku bisa terbang, sebentar lagi… sebentar lagi…”</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_28" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 125.25pt; margin-left: 327.75pt; margin-top: 506.25pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 167.25pt; z-index: 6;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.png">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span lang="SV">“Lihatlah,
seluruh tubuh mereka sudah tertutup oleh kepompong, sebentar lagi mereka akan
mati kelaparan!” ejek ulat yang bertubuh gemuk dan besar. Ulat-ulat lain pun
saling menyauti dan tertawa-tawa.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">Ulat-ulat yang
rakus memakan daun, memiliki tubuh yang terus bertambah besar dan terlihat
kehitaman.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="SV">Sementara
kepompong-kepompong, ada yang sudah mulai bergerak-gerak. Secara perlahan-lahan,
muncullah makhluk-makhluk, yang memiliki kaki yang panjang dan kuat, memiliki
antena, dan sayap yang bercorak sangat indah. Mereka berhasil menjadi
kupu-kupu, terbang ke sana ke mari, hinggap dari dahan ke dahan, dari bunga ke
bunga, menghisap madu, terbang lagi, dari pohon ke pohon, dan menghampiri
beberapa ekor ulat yang sedang berkumpul. Sebagian dari mereka adalah ulat yang
tidak berpuasa dan tidak mau mengurung diri dalam kepompong.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_22" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 263.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 285.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<v:shape alt="kupu" id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 96pt; margin-left: 0; margin-top: 351.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: left; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 94.5pt; z-index: 3;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="kupu" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span lang="SV">“Apakabar
semuanya, kenapa kalian bengong seperti itu? Ya, sekarang kami sudah mempunyai
sayap dan bisa terbang, menghisap madu bunga, rasanya manis, enak sekali. Ini
karena kami <strong>yakin dan percaya dan melakukan</strong> cara-cara yang
pernah ibu kita sampaikan. Sekarang kami mau terbang melihat pemandangan alam
indah dulu yaa. Daagh, sampai jumpa.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="perjuangan-kupu-kupu" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg">
<w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span lang="SV">Kupu-kupu
terbang meninggalkan para ulat yang berusaha mencoba mengejarnya, mencoba
terbang, tapi sebagian malah jatuh ke tanah, sebagian yang jatuh mati terinjak
manusia, sebagian mati dipatuk ayam, sebagian jatuh ke dalam got dan mati
tenggelam.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">Sementara kupu-kupu setelah
melalui godaan, ujian, cobaan, penderitaan, kini bisa terbang jauh, berbahagia
menikmati hasil jerih payahnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Banyak sekali
hikmah yang bisa kita peroleh dari cerita metamorfosis ini. Salah satunya
adalah, kesuksesan itu butuh pengorbanan, keyakinan (belief) dan kesabaran
dalam menjemput hasil. Semua orang menginginkan kesuksesan, namun hanya sedikit
saja yang berani bertahan dan berhasil lulus melalui tantangan. Semoga
kita termasuk golongan yang sedikit itu yaa… Amiiiiiiiinn </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt=":)" id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 11.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 11.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title=")" src="file:///C:\Users\vaio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16970701975241408816noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5683778948450839000.post-21980750880875922152012-10-08T19:36:00.000-07:002012-10-08T19:36:12.718-07:00Gelas Keramik Cantik<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KISAH INSPIRATIF<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GELAS KERAMIK CANTIK<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sepasang
kakek dan nenek pergi belanja di sebuah toko souvenir untuk mencari hadiah buat
cucu mereka. Kemudian mata mereka tertuju kepada sebuah Gelas keramik yang
cantik.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Lihat gelas itu,” kata si nenek kepada suaminya.
“Kau benar, inilah gelas keramik yang tercantik yang pernah aku lihat,” ujar si
kakek. Saat mereka mendekati gelas itu, tiba-tiba gelas yang dimaksud
berbicara “Terima kasih untuk perhatiannya, perlu diketahui bahwa aku dulunya
tidak cantik. Sebelum menjadi gelas yang dikagumi, aku hanyalah seonggok tanah
liat yang tidak berguna. Namun suatu hari ada seorang pengrajin dengan tangan
kotor melempar aku ke sebuah roda berputar. Kemudian, ia mulai
memutar-mutar aku hingga aku merasa pusing. Stop! Stop! Aku berteriak, tetapi
orang itu berkata “belum!” lalu ia mulai menyodok dan meninjuku berulang-ulang.
Stop! Stop! Teriakku lagi. Tapi orang ini masih saja meninjuku, tanpa
menghiraukan teriakanku. Bahkan lebih buruk lagi ia memasukkan aku ke dalam
perapian.Panas! Panas! Teriakku dengan keras. Stop! Cukup! Teriakku lagi. Tapi
orang ini berkata “belum!”Akhirnya, ia mengangkat aku dari perapian itu dan
membiarkan aku sampai dingin. Aku pikir, selesailah penderitaanku. Oh ternyata
belum. Setelah dingin aku diberikan kepada seorang wanita muda dan ia mulai
mewarnai aku. Asapnya begitu memualkan. Stop! Stop! Aku berteriak. Wanita
itu berkata “belum!”. Lalu ia memberikan aku kepada seorang pria dan ia
memasukkan aku lagi ke perapian yang lebih panas dari sebelumnya!. Tolong!
Hentikan penyiksaan ini! Sambil menangis aku berteriak sekuat-kuatnya. Tapi
orang ini tidak peduli dengan teriakanku. Ia terus membakarku. Setelah puas
“menyiksaku”, kini aku dibiarkan dingin.Setelah benar-benar dingin, seorang
wanita cantik mengangkatku dan menempatkanku dekat kaca. Aku melihat diriku .
Aku terkejut sekali. Aku hampir tidak percaya, karena di hadapanku berdiri
sebuah gelas keramik yang begitu cantik. Semua kesakitan dan penderitaanku yang
lalu menjadi sirna tatkala kulihat diriku. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Renungan: <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tw Cen MT Condensed","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seperti
inilah Tuhan membentuk kita. Pada saat Tuhan membentuk kita, tidaklah
menyenangkan, sakit, penuh penderitaan, dan banyak air mata. Tetapi inilah
satu-satunya cara bagin-Nya untuk mengubah kita supaya menjadi cantik dan
memancarkan kemulian-Nya. “Anggaplah sebagai suatu kebahagiaan, apabila
kamu jatuh kedalam berbagai pencobaan, sebab kita tahu bahwa ujian terhadap
kita mengahsilkan ketekunan. Dan biarkanlah ketekunan itu memperoleh buah yang
matang supaya anda menjadi sempurna dan utuh tak kekurangan sesuatu
apapun.”Apabila kita sedang menghadapi ujian hidup, jangan kecil hati, karena
Dia sedang membentuk kita. Bentukan-bentukan ini memang menyakitkan tetapi
setelah semua proses itu selesai, kita akan melihat betapa cantiknya Tuhan membentuk
kitayang tidak berguna. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16970701975241408816noreply@blogger.com0